A rotulus (plural rotuli) or rotula (pl. rotulae), often referred to as a "vertical roll,"[1] is a long and narrow strip of writing material, historically papyrus or parchment, that is wound around a wooden axle or rod.[2] Rotuli are unwound vertically so that the writing runs parallel to the rod,[3] unlike the other kind of roll, called a scroll, whose writing runs perpendicular to the rod in multiple columns.
Rotuli were used to house legal records in Europe (from which is still derived the title of the judicial functionary denominated the "Master of the Rolls") and in the Byzantine Empire.[4]
Papyrus 136 (𝔓136) is a rare example of a rotulus used, front and back, as a manuscript for a portion of the New Testament.
Rotuli also have been used as liturgical manuscripts, e.g., those used for chanting the Exultet.
Additionally, mortuary rolls, i.e., documents memorializing the names of all the deceased members of a monastery or other institution, which were banded together and circulated so that they could mutually pray for the repose of each other's decedents.[4]
- ^ Cellard, Élénore (2019-12-21). "Ancient Qur'ān Scrolls" (Twitter thread) (published Dec 21, 2019). Retrieved 2022-11-08.
- ^ Grout, James. "Scroll and Codex". Encyclopaedia Romana.
- ^ "What's On?: From Roll to Codex". Bodleian Libraries. University of Oxford.
- ^ a b Daly, Lloyd W. (April 1973). "Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents". Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. 14 (3). University of Pennsylvania: 333–338 – via GRBS.